擋土墻是指支承路基填土或山坡土體、防止填土或土體變形失穩的構造物。
Retaining wall is a kind of structure that supports subgrade fill or hillside soil and prevents deformation and instability of fill or soil.
▉ 各部分的名稱
▉ name of each part
在擋土墻橫斷面中，與被支承土體直接接觸的部位稱為墻背；
In the cross section of the retaining wall, the part directly contacting with the supported soil is called the back of the wall;
與墻背相對的、臨空的部位稱為墻面；
The part opposite to the wall back and free of air is called the wall surface;
與地基直接接觸的部位稱為基底；
The part in direct contact with the foundation is called the base;
與基底相對的、墻的頂面稱為墻頂；
The top surface of the wall opposite to the base is called the top of the wall;
基底的前端稱為墻趾；
The front end of the base is called the toe of the wall;
基底的后端稱為墻踵。
The back end of the base is called the heel.
▉ 應用范圍
▉ scope of application
路基在遇到下列情況時可考慮修建擋土墻
When the subgrade meets the following conditions, retaining wall can be considered